What characteristic of a transformer affects the voltage output?

The characteristic of a transformer that affects the voltage output is the inductance ratio. A transformer operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where an alternating current in the primary coil creates a magnetic field that induces a voltage in the secondary coil. The voltage output of the transformer is related to the turns ratio, which is effectively the ratio of inductances between the primary and secondary windings.

When the turns ratio of a transformer is higher, the secondary winding has more turns than the primary, resulting in a higher output voltage. Conversely, if the secondary winding has fewer turns than the primary, the output voltage will be lower. This relationship is a direct consequence of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, which states that the induced voltage in a coil is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux, which is influenced by the number of turns in the coil.

Although current flow, capacitance value, and electromotive force are all important electrical characteristics, they do not define how the voltage transformation works in a transformer. Current flow pertains to the amount of charge passing through the circuit, capacitance involves the ability to store electrical charge, and electromotive force refers to the potential difference that drives the current in an electrical circuit. Thus, the inductance ratio is the