What electrical phenomenon is the basis of wireless energy transfer?

Wireless energy transfer primarily relies on electromagnetic induction, which is the process of generating electricity in a conductor by changing the magnetic field around it. This principle is at the heart of many wireless charging technologies, where an alternating current through a coil generates a magnetic field that induces a voltage in a nearby coil, allowing for the transfer of energy without direct physical connections.

This method is widely utilized in various applications, including wireless charging for devices such as smartphones and electric vehicles. The efficiency and effectiveness of this energy transfer depend significantly on the alignment and distance between the coils involved, as per the principles of electromagnetic fields.

Other options, while related to electricity, do not directly facilitate wireless energy transfer. For instance, static electricity involves charge build-up and discharge rather than energy transmission over a distance. Conductivity refers to the ability of materials to allow the flow of electric current, primarily in direct contact. Capacitance, on the other hand, pertains to the ability of a system to store electric charge, which does not contribute to the transmission of energy wirelessly.