What is a transformer used for in electrical applications?

A transformer is primarily used to change the voltage level in an alternating current (AC) circuit. It operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where the input voltage induces a magnetic field in a coil. This magnetic field can then induce a voltage in a second coil, allowing for the adjustment of voltage levels from one circuit to another.

For instance, if a transformer steps up the voltage, it means that the secondary voltage is higher than the primary voltage, which is useful in power distribution to minimize energy loss over long distances. Conversely, stepping down the voltage is essential before it reaches end-users to ensure safety and compatibility with household appliances.

Transformers do not store electrical energy, which is a function of components like capacitors. They also do not measure current flow, which requires ammeters or current sensors. Furthermore, while some transformers can be used in audio applications to couple signals, they are not primarily designed to amplify signals in the way that other electronic components, such as amplifiers, do. Thus, the main function of transformers revolves around the modification of voltage levels in AC circuits.