What is the function of a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)?

The function of a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) is to cut off electrical current during ground faults. A ground fault occurs when there is an unintended path for current to flow to the ground, which can happen if a person accidentally contacts a live wire. The GFCI continuously monitors the current flowing through the circuit and compares the input current to the output current. If it detects an imbalance, indicating that some current is leaking to the ground instead of returning through the neutral wire, it quickly shuts off the power to prevent electric shock, ensuring safety in areas where water and electricity may come into contact, such as bathrooms and kitchens.

This rapid disconnection is vital for protecting individuals from electrical hazards, making GFCIs important safety devices in any electrical installation. Other options do not accurately describe the primary function of a GFCI. For instance, enhancing circuit efficiency or regulating voltage levels are not functions associated with a GFCI, and while GFCIs contribute to safer electrical systems indirectly, they are not designed specifically to prevent electrical surges.