What is the main purpose of a transformer?

The main purpose of a transformer is to change voltage levels of alternating current. Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction, allowing them to increase or decrease voltage levels between circuits. This is crucial in power distribution, as higher voltages allow for efficient transmission of electricity over long distances, reducing energy losses. When electricity reaches its destination, a transformer can then lower the voltage to a safer, usable level for homes and businesses.

In contrast, storing electric energy involves capacitors or batteries, which is not a function of a transformer. The conversion from direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) is typically done by converters or inverters, rather than transformers. Additionally, while transformers can influence the flow of current through voltage changes, they do not regulate current flow directly like devices such as current regulators or circuit breakers do. Thus, the correct choice highlights the fundamental role of transformers in electrical systems.