What is the role of the transformer in a power supply?

The primary function of a transformer in a power supply is to convert high voltage to low voltage or vice versa. Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction and are designed to transfer electrical energy between two or more circuits through inductively coupled conductors. When alternating current flows through the transformer’s primary coil, it creates a magnetic field that induces a voltage in the secondary coil. Depending on the number of turns in the primary and secondary coils, the transformer can either step up (increase) or step down (decrease) the voltage to the desired level for various applications, making it crucial for adapting the power supply to meet the requirements of different devices.

Other options presented do not accurately describe the transformer’s function. For example, storing energy is typically handled by capacitors or batteries, while increasing frequency is not a role of the transformer, which merely transfers voltage levels without altering frequency. Additionally, regulating temperature is not a function of transformers; rather, it is the responsibility of thermal management systems in electronic devices.