Which of the following describes a sine wave?

A sine wave is indeed characterized by its smooth, periodic oscillation, which is defined by three key parameters: amplitude, frequency, and phase.

Amplitude refers to the peak value of the wave, which indicates how strong the signal is. Frequency describes how many cycles occur in a given time period, typically measured in hertz (Hz), which determines how fast the wave oscillates. Phase refers to the position of the waveform relative to a reference point in time, influencing where the wave starts in its cycle. These attributes contribute to the unique, harmonic nature of a sine wave, making it essential in various applications, including audio signals, electrical systems, and wave mechanics.

Understanding the sine wave is fundamental in electronics as it represents the idealized form of alternating current (AC) and serves as a basis for understanding more complex waveforms. The other options do not accurately capture the characteristics of a sine wave, as they describe different forms of waveforms or electrical conditions altogether.